ĐẶC ĐIỂM DỊCH TỄ HỌC, LÂM SÀNG VÀ KẾT QUẢ ĐIỀU TRỊ VIÊM CẦU THẬN CẤP SAU NHIỄM LIÊN CẦU TẠI BỆNH VIỆN NHI THANH HÓA

Abstract

Background: Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) is an immune-mediated glomerular disease commonly encountered in children. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of children with APSGN at Thanh Hoa Children's Hospital.

Methods: A retrospective descriptive case series included 84 children with APSGN who were admitted to the Department of Hematology and Nephrology, Thanh Hoa Children's Hospital, from 1 January 2024 to 31 December 2025.

Results: Among 84 children, 72.6% were aged 5-12 years, 71.4% were boys, and 78.6% lived in rural areas. A preceding history of pharyngitis was reported in 77.4%. Oedema was present in 92.9%, hypertension in 63.1%, oliguria in 27.4%, and gross haematuria in 25.0%. All children had haematuria on urinalysis; 40.5% had a urine protein-to-creatinine ratio >= 200 mg/mmol, and 27.4% had an estimated glomerular filtration rate < 90 mL/min/1.73 m² at admission. Antibiotics were administered to 98.8%, diuretics to 91.7%, and antihypertensive medications to 46.4%. At discharge, the proportions with oedema, abnormal blood pressure, and gross haematuria were lower than at admission (p<0.001). The mean length of hospital stay was 8.69 ± 3.02 days. Complete remission, partial remission, and no remission occurred in 29.8%, 65.4%, and 4.8%, respectively.

Conclusions: In this case series, APSGN predominantly affected children aged 5-12 years and boys. Oedema and abnormal blood pressure were common clinical manifestations. Clinical manifestations decreased during hospitalisation, and most children achieved at least partial remission by discharge.