FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH RESPIRATORY FAILURE IN CHILDREN WITH RSV-POSITIVE LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS AT THE RESPIRATORY CENTER, NATIONAL CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL
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Abstract
Objectives: To analyze factors associated with respiratory distress among children with lower respiratory tract infections caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) at the Respiratory Center, National Children's Hospital, during 2025–2026.
Methods: A prospective descriptive study was conducted on 695 children aged 1 month to less than 24 months who were diagnosed with lower respiratory tract infections and had positive rapid RSV test results. All patients were treated at the Respiratory Center, National Children's Hospital, from July 2025 to May 2026. Factors associated with respiratory distress were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression analysis.
Results: Children younger than 6 months accounted for 50.1% of the study population, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.7:1. The proportions of preterm infants (<37 weeks of gestation) and those with low birth weight (<2500 gram) were 16.3% and 15.4%, respectively. Respiratory distress occurred in 62.0% of patients, and hospital admissions were concentrated during the winter–spring season. Multivariable analysis identified several independent factors associated with respiratory distress, including prematurity (<37 weeks of gestation) (aOR = 2.63; 95% CI: 1.22–5.65), age <6 months (aOR = 2.55; 95% CI: 1.83–3.55), and exposure to tobacco smoke (aOR = 1.67; 95% CI: 1.10–2.53). In contrast, bacterial coinfection was associated with a lower likelihood of respiratory distress (aOR = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.50–0.99).
Conclusion: RSV-associated lower respiratory tract infections predominantly affected children younger than 6 months and showed a marked increase during the winter–spring season. Prematurity, age under 6 months, and exposure to tobacco smoke were independently associated with an increased risk of respiratory distress in children with RSV infection.
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Keywords
Lower respiratory tract infection, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), associated factors, children under 24 months
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