ADVERSE EVENTS FOLLOWING IMMUNIZATION IN CHILDREN AT THE VIETNAM NATIONAL CHILDREN’S HOSPITAL, 2024-2025
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Abstract
Objective: To characterize adverse events following immunization (AEFI) and analyze factors associated with these reactions among children at the Vietnam National Children’s Hospital during the 2024-2025 period.
Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 1,510 children. Data were collected on post-vaccination reactions monitored both at the hospital and at home within 72 hours of administration.
Results: The overall AEFI rate within 72 hours was 30.2% (456/1,510); systemic reactions (fever, irritability, fatigue) accounted for 25.0%. No serious adverse events were recorded during follow-up. On univariate analysis, higher rates of common AEFI were observed in: preterm infants (OR=1.78), those requiring postnatal respiratory support (OR=2.12), children with underlying medical conditions (OR=1.59), respiratory diseases (OR=1.86), inpatients (OR=1.47), and preterm infants with concomitant cardiovascular conditions (OR=1.85; or 2.66 vs full-term children without cardiovascular disease per ICD-10 reference). On multivariable logistic regression, only postnatal respiratory support remained independently associated (aOR=1.87; 95%CI: 1.37-2.56; p<0.001).
Conclusion: Post-vaccination reactions in the study population were predominantly common and mild. Preterm birth, the need for postnatal respiratory support, inpatient status, and the presence of cardiovascular comorbidities in preterm infants were associated with higher rates of common AEFI on univariate analysis; postnatal respiratory support was the only independent risk factor on multivariable analysis.
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Keywords
Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI), Preterm infants, Underlying medical conditions, Vaccine safety, Vietnam National Children’s Hospital
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