ASSESSMENT OF RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF COMMUNITY PNEUMONIA IN PATIENTS 2 - 59 MONTHS AT THE RESPIRATORY DEPARTMENT OF CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL 1
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Abstract
Introduction: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a leading cause of death in children under five years of age. The appropriate initial selection of antibiotics and timely evaluation of treatment response play a critical role in ensuring therapeutic success and reducing antibiotic resistance.
Objective: To evaluate the response to antibiotic therapy in the treatment of CAP in children aged 2 to 59 months at the Respiratory Department, Children’s Hospital 1, Ho Chi Minh City.
Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 263 pediatric patients aged 2 to 59 months who were hospitalized with a diagnosis of CAP from November 2022 to July 2023. Treatment response was assessed at 72 hours after initiation of antibiotic therapy and at discharge. Associations between clinical characteristics and treatment response were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests.
Results: The mean age of patients was 21 ± 13.5 months. Among them, 74.1% were diagnosed with severe pneumonia and 7.2% with very severe pneumonia. Ceftriaxone was the most commonly used first-line antibiotic (79.5%). Clinical response at 72 hours was observed in 86.7% of patients, while the response rate to first-line antibiotics was 77.2%. The main reason for antibiotic modification was lack of clinical improvement. Second-line antibiotics were selected based on clinical features and chest X-ray findings (80%), while third-line antibiotics were mainly guided by microbiological results (57.1%). Factors significantly associated with non-response included younger age, history of pneumonia, underlying medical conditions, and malnutrition (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Ceftriaxone demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of CAP in children. Monitoring clinical response and individualizing treatment according to risk factors are essential to optimize therapeutic outcomes and minimize antibiotic resistance.
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Keywords
Community-acquired pneumonia, pneumonia antibiotic treatment, antibiotic response
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