HEN PHẾ QUẢN Ở TRẺ EM VÀ COVID-19
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Tóm tắt
COVID-19 là một bệnh hô hấp cấp tính lây truyền trên toàn cầu gây đại dịch do virus SARS-CoV-2 gây ra. Bệnh nhân hen phế quản có thể tăng nguy cơ và mức độ nghiêm trọng khi nhiễm SARS-CoV-2. Tuy nhiên, các nghiên cứu hiện nay cho thấy tỷ lệ bệnh nhân hen mắc COVID-19 nặng không cao, đặc biệt trong nhóm trẻ em. Điều này có thể liên quan đến cơ chế bệnh sinh trong hen dị ứng (loại 2 hay Th-2), vai trò của các cytokin loại 2 (IL4, IL-13, v.v.) và bạch cầu ái toan, vai trò bảo vệ của corticosteroid hít ở người hen bị nhiễm COVID-19, hoặc do sự gia tăng tuân thủ điều trị và hạn chế yếu tố khởi phát hen từ môi trường do hoạt động cách ly. Ngoài ra vẫn còn nhiều bàn cãi về các phương pháp điều trị thông thường của bệnh hen, bao gồm corticoid dạng hít, liệu pháp giảm mẫn cảm hoặc kháng thể đơn dòng kháng IgE có thể làm giảm nguy cơ bệnh nhân hen bị lây nhiễm virus hoặc tăng cường khả năng bảo vệ chống virus. Sự tác động và ảnh hưởng của COVID-19 lên bệnh nhân hen cần được tiếp tục quan tâm làm rõ trong giai đoạn COVID-19 cấp tính, kéo dài và hậu COVID-19.
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Từ khóa
Hen, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, hậu COVID
Tài liệu tham khảo
1. Bộ Y tế (2021). Hướng dẫn chẩn đoán và điều trị COVID-19. Trang 15.
2. Liu S, Zhi Y, Ying S. COVID-19 and Asthma: Reflection During the Pandemic. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2020;59(1):78-88. doi: 10.1007/s12016-020-08797-3.
3. Duong QS, Huynh TAD, Nguyen TKT, Nguyen QT et al. The use of therapeutic plasma exchange in the treatment of a pregnant woman with COVID-19 induced acute respiratory distress syndrome. Pulmonary Therapy 2022;8(2):233-240. doi: 10.1007/s41030-022-00188-7.
4. Duong QS, Huynh TAD, Le THN et al. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Associated with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in a Child with COVID-19 and Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Case Report. Pulmonary Therapy 2022;8(3):333-342. doi: 10.1007/s41030-022-00192-x
5. Duong QS, Huynh TAD, Nguyen TKT, Nguyen QT et al. Guillain-Barré Syndrome in Patient With SARS-CoV-2 PCR Positivity Treated Successfully With Therapeutic Exchange Plasma: A First Case Report From Vietnam. Frontiers in Neurology 2022;13.
6. CDC COVID-19 Response Team. Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Children - United States, February 12-April 2, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020 Apr 10;69(14):422-426. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6914e4.
7. Papadopoulos NG, Custovic A, Deschildre A. Pediatric Asthma in Real Life Collaborators. Impact of COVID-19 on Pediatric Asthma: Practice Adjustments and Disease Burden. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2020;8(8):2592-2599.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.06.001.
8. Dayal D. We urgently need guidelines for managing COVID-19 in children with comorbidities. Acta Paediatr 2020;109(7):1497-1498. doi: 10.1111/apa.15304.
9. de Boer G, Braunstahl GJ, Hendriks R et al. Asthma exacerbation prevalence during the COVID-19 lockdown in a moderate-severe asthma cohort. BMJ Open Respir Res 2021;8(1):e000758. doi: 10.1136/bmjresp-2020-000758.
10. Davies GA, Alsallakh MA, Sivakumaran S et al. Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on emergency asthma admissions and deaths: national interrupted time series analyses for Scotland and Wales. Thorax 2021;76(9):867-873. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-216380.
11. Liu F, Xu A, Zhang Y et al. Patients of COVID-19 may benefit from sustained lopinavir-combined regimen and the increase of eosinophil may predict the outcome of COVID-19 progression. International journal of infectious diseases 2020;95:183–191. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.013.
12. Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C, Torres-Macho J, Velasco-Arribas M et al. Similar prevalence of long-term post-COVID symptoms in patients with asthma: A case-control study. J Infect 2021;83(2):237-279. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2021.04.034.
13. Garcia-Pachon E, Grau-Delgado J, Soler-Sempere MJ et al. Low prevalence of post-COVID-19 syndrome in patients with asthma. J Infect 2021;82(2):276-316. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2021.03.023
14. Garrigues E, Janvier P, Kherabi Y et al. Post-discharge persistent symptoms and health-related quality of life after hospitalization for COVID-19. J Infect 2020;81(6):e4-e6. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.08.029.
15. Esmaeilzadeh H, Sanaei Dashti A, Mortazavi N, Fatemian H, Vali M. Persistent cough and asthma-like symptoms post COVID-19 hospitalization in children. BMC Infect Dis. 2022 Mar 12;22(1):244. doi: 10.1186/s12879-022-07252-2.
16. Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet 2020;395(10223):507–513. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7.
17. Emami A, Javanmardi F, Akbari A et al. Characteristics of deceased patients with COVID-19 after the first peak of the epidemic in Fars province Iran. Infect Ecol Epidemiol 2020;10(1):1781330. doi: 10.1080/20008686.2020.1781330
18. Zhang W, Zhao Y, Zhang F et al. The use of antiinflammatory drugs in the treatment of people with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): the perspectives of clinical immunologists from China. Clin Immunol 2020;214:108393. doi:10.1016/j.clim.2020.108393.
19. Yamaya M, Nishimura H, Deng X et al. Inhibitory effects of glycopyrronium, formoterol, and budesonide on coronavirus HCoV-229E replication and cytokine production by primary cultures of human nasal and tracheal epithelial cells.Respir Investig 2020;58:155-168. doi:10. 1016/j.resinv.2019.12.005.
20. Esquivel A, Busse WW, Calatroni A, Togias AG, Grindle KG, Bochkov YA, Gruchalla RS, Kattan M, Kercsmar CM, Khurana Hershey G, Kim H, Lebeau P, Liu AH, Szefler SJ, Teach SJ, West JB, Wildfire J, Pongracic JA, Gern JE (2017) Effects of omalizumab on rhinovirus infections, illnesses, and exacerbations of asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 196(8):985–992. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201701-120OC.
21. Gill MA, Liu AH, Calatroni A, Krouse RZ, Shao B, Schiltz A, Gern JE, Togias A, Busse WW (2018) Enhanced plasmacytoid dendritic cell antiviral responses after omalizumab. J Allergy Clin Immunol 141(5):1735–1743.e1739. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.07.035.
22. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention (GINA) 2022. Available at www.ginasthma.org. Last accessed: August 5th 2022.
23. Duong-Quy S. Allergic Rhinosinusitis and Airway Diseases. Sinusitis 2022;6(1): 21-25. doi: 10.3390/sinusitis6010003
24. Duong QS, Nguyen TDT, Tran QK et al. Study of nasal fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) in children with allergic rhinitis. Sinusitis 2022;5(2):123-131. doi: 10.3390/sinusitis5020013
25. Tran MD, Phi TQA, Nguyen DP et al. Efficacy of obstructive sleep apnea treatment by antileukotriene receptor and surgery therapy in children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy: A descriptive and cohort study. Frontiers in Neurology 2022;13:1009310. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1008310
26. Nguyen TNH, Nguyen TDT, Tran VD et al. Study of asthma control status in children with bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis. J Func Vent Pulm 2021;12 (37):7-12. doi: 10.12699/jfvpulm.12.37.2021.13
27. Tran QK, Tran DH, Pham HV et al. Study on the co‐infection of children with severe community‐acquired pneumonia. Pediatrics International 2022;64(1):e14853. doi: 10.1111/ped.14853.
2. Liu S, Zhi Y, Ying S. COVID-19 and Asthma: Reflection During the Pandemic. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2020;59(1):78-88. doi: 10.1007/s12016-020-08797-3.
3. Duong QS, Huynh TAD, Nguyen TKT, Nguyen QT et al. The use of therapeutic plasma exchange in the treatment of a pregnant woman with COVID-19 induced acute respiratory distress syndrome. Pulmonary Therapy 2022;8(2):233-240. doi: 10.1007/s41030-022-00188-7.
4. Duong QS, Huynh TAD, Le THN et al. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Associated with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in a Child with COVID-19 and Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Case Report. Pulmonary Therapy 2022;8(3):333-342. doi: 10.1007/s41030-022-00192-x
5. Duong QS, Huynh TAD, Nguyen TKT, Nguyen QT et al. Guillain-Barré Syndrome in Patient With SARS-CoV-2 PCR Positivity Treated Successfully With Therapeutic Exchange Plasma: A First Case Report From Vietnam. Frontiers in Neurology 2022;13.
6. CDC COVID-19 Response Team. Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Children - United States, February 12-April 2, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020 Apr 10;69(14):422-426. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6914e4.
7. Papadopoulos NG, Custovic A, Deschildre A. Pediatric Asthma in Real Life Collaborators. Impact of COVID-19 on Pediatric Asthma: Practice Adjustments and Disease Burden. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2020;8(8):2592-2599.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.06.001.
8. Dayal D. We urgently need guidelines for managing COVID-19 in children with comorbidities. Acta Paediatr 2020;109(7):1497-1498. doi: 10.1111/apa.15304.
9. de Boer G, Braunstahl GJ, Hendriks R et al. Asthma exacerbation prevalence during the COVID-19 lockdown in a moderate-severe asthma cohort. BMJ Open Respir Res 2021;8(1):e000758. doi: 10.1136/bmjresp-2020-000758.
10. Davies GA, Alsallakh MA, Sivakumaran S et al. Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on emergency asthma admissions and deaths: national interrupted time series analyses for Scotland and Wales. Thorax 2021;76(9):867-873. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-216380.
11. Liu F, Xu A, Zhang Y et al. Patients of COVID-19 may benefit from sustained lopinavir-combined regimen and the increase of eosinophil may predict the outcome of COVID-19 progression. International journal of infectious diseases 2020;95:183–191. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.013.
12. Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C, Torres-Macho J, Velasco-Arribas M et al. Similar prevalence of long-term post-COVID symptoms in patients with asthma: A case-control study. J Infect 2021;83(2):237-279. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2021.04.034.
13. Garcia-Pachon E, Grau-Delgado J, Soler-Sempere MJ et al. Low prevalence of post-COVID-19 syndrome in patients with asthma. J Infect 2021;82(2):276-316. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2021.03.023
14. Garrigues E, Janvier P, Kherabi Y et al. Post-discharge persistent symptoms and health-related quality of life after hospitalization for COVID-19. J Infect 2020;81(6):e4-e6. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.08.029.
15. Esmaeilzadeh H, Sanaei Dashti A, Mortazavi N, Fatemian H, Vali M. Persistent cough and asthma-like symptoms post COVID-19 hospitalization in children. BMC Infect Dis. 2022 Mar 12;22(1):244. doi: 10.1186/s12879-022-07252-2.
16. Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet 2020;395(10223):507–513. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7.
17. Emami A, Javanmardi F, Akbari A et al. Characteristics of deceased patients with COVID-19 after the first peak of the epidemic in Fars province Iran. Infect Ecol Epidemiol 2020;10(1):1781330. doi: 10.1080/20008686.2020.1781330
18. Zhang W, Zhao Y, Zhang F et al. The use of antiinflammatory drugs in the treatment of people with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): the perspectives of clinical immunologists from China. Clin Immunol 2020;214:108393. doi:10.1016/j.clim.2020.108393.
19. Yamaya M, Nishimura H, Deng X et al. Inhibitory effects of glycopyrronium, formoterol, and budesonide on coronavirus HCoV-229E replication and cytokine production by primary cultures of human nasal and tracheal epithelial cells.Respir Investig 2020;58:155-168. doi:10. 1016/j.resinv.2019.12.005.
20. Esquivel A, Busse WW, Calatroni A, Togias AG, Grindle KG, Bochkov YA, Gruchalla RS, Kattan M, Kercsmar CM, Khurana Hershey G, Kim H, Lebeau P, Liu AH, Szefler SJ, Teach SJ, West JB, Wildfire J, Pongracic JA, Gern JE (2017) Effects of omalizumab on rhinovirus infections, illnesses, and exacerbations of asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 196(8):985–992. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201701-120OC.
21. Gill MA, Liu AH, Calatroni A, Krouse RZ, Shao B, Schiltz A, Gern JE, Togias A, Busse WW (2018) Enhanced plasmacytoid dendritic cell antiviral responses after omalizumab. J Allergy Clin Immunol 141(5):1735–1743.e1739. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.07.035.
22. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention (GINA) 2022. Available at www.ginasthma.org. Last accessed: August 5th 2022.
23. Duong-Quy S. Allergic Rhinosinusitis and Airway Diseases. Sinusitis 2022;6(1): 21-25. doi: 10.3390/sinusitis6010003
24. Duong QS, Nguyen TDT, Tran QK et al. Study of nasal fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) in children with allergic rhinitis. Sinusitis 2022;5(2):123-131. doi: 10.3390/sinusitis5020013
25. Tran MD, Phi TQA, Nguyen DP et al. Efficacy of obstructive sleep apnea treatment by antileukotriene receptor and surgery therapy in children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy: A descriptive and cohort study. Frontiers in Neurology 2022;13:1009310. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1008310
26. Nguyen TNH, Nguyen TDT, Tran VD et al. Study of asthma control status in children with bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis. J Func Vent Pulm 2021;12 (37):7-12. doi: 10.12699/jfvpulm.12.37.2021.13
27. Tran QK, Tran DH, Pham HV et al. Study on the co‐infection of children with severe community‐acquired pneumonia. Pediatrics International 2022;64(1):e14853. doi: 10.1111/ped.14853.