TREATMENT OUTCOMES OF PERITONITIS IN CHILDREN UNDERGOING PERITONEAL DIALYSIS AT VIETNAM NATIONAL CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL
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Abstract
Background: Peritonitis is a serious complication in children undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD), which may lead to treatment failure, catheter removal, and mortality. This study aimed to describe the microbiological causes and treatment outcomes of peritonitis in pediatric PD patients at Vietnam National Children’s Hospital.
Methods: A case-series study was conducted in children under 16 years of age receiving peritoneal dialysis who were diagnosed with peritonitis according to the 2022 International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis (ISPD) criteria between January 2024 and December 2025.
Results: Fifty children with 73 episodes of peritonitis were included. The mean age was 10.5 ± 3.8 years, and 42.0% were male. The peritonitis rate was 0.39 episodes per patient-year. The most common clinical manifestations were cloudy dialysate (90.3%) and abdominal pain (83.0%). The culture-positive rate was 75.3%, with Gram-positive organisms accounting for 49.1% of isolates. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen (38.1%). The overall cure rate was 68.5%, while catheter removal and mortality occurred in 27.4% and 4.1% of patients, respectively.
Conclusions: Staphylococcus aureus was the leading cause of peritonitis in children undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Although most episodes responded to treatment, peritonitis remained an important cause of catheter removal and mortality.
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Keywords
Peritonitis, Peritoneal dialysis, end stage renal disease, children
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