ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG ,CẬN LÂM SÀNG VÀ KẾT QUẢ ĐIỀU TRỊ HO GÀ Ở TRẺ EM TẠI BỆNH VIỆN SẢN NHI NGHỆ AN

Abstract

Objective: To describe the clinical and paraclinical characteristics as well as treatment outcomes of pertussis in children at Nghe An Obstetrics and Pediatrics Hospital.

Subjects and Methods: Children aged 1 month to under 16 years diagnosed with pertussis and hospitalized for treatment at Nghe An Obstetrics and Pediatrics Hospital were included. This descriptive study combined retrospective and prospective case series and was conducted from January 1, 2024, to August 31, 2025.

Results: The median age of patients was 3 months, with infants younger than 4 months accounting for 56.2%. The most common symptoms were paroxysmal cough with facial flushing (98.5%), cyanosis (38.7%), post-tussive vomiting (88.3%), and inspiratory whoop (78.8%). The mean leukocyte count was 18.18 G/L, with 33.6% having leukocytes ≥20 G/L, and lymphocytes ≥70% in 59.1% of cases. Elevated CRP was observed in 5.3%. Regarding treatment outcomes, 86.9% of patients were discharged in stable condition, while 13.1% required transfer to higher-level hospitals. The majority (69.3%) had a hospital stay of 7-14 days, which was significantly longer in children under 4 months.

Conclusion: Pertussis mainly affected infants younger than 4 months, most of whom were unvaccinated or incompletely immunized. Typical clinical features included paroxysmal cough with facial flushing, cyanosis, and post-tussive vomiting; paraclinical findings were characterized by lymphocytosis. Although overall treatment outcomes were favorable, infants under 4 months had a higher risk of severe progression and prolonged hospitalization. Strengthening preventive measures, particularly maternal pertussis vaccination during pregnancy, is crucial to protect infants in the early months of life.