DEVELOPMENTAL ORIGINS OF HEALTH AND DISEASE
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Abstract
Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) refer to the effects of environmental exposure in developmental periods, while tissues are forming, differention and the epigenome are uniquely sensitive to environment may increase the risk of disease in later life, The developmental periods encompagn fetal life and first few years after birth.
Some references on fetal and first few years development origins of health and disease were presented in the overview. Fetal mal- or over nutrion, low birthweight and stress during fetal life, breastfeeding, high protein intake and high weight gain in the first 2 years of life, hazard environmental exposure during developmental periods were relation to the pathogeny and mortality of various diseases in later life course, as hypertension, coronary heart diseases, stroke, obesity, diabetis, cancer psysophrenia, and various system dysfunction.
Molecular mechanism of pathogeny of diseases originated from developmental periods is epigenetic mechanism, gene expression and phenotype change. Epigenetic changes persist later in life may serve as biomakers of increased disease susceptibility.
Embracing the DOHaD paradigm, risk factors of diseases accumulate from fetal life to life course. Early preventive intervention from the developmental period, can reduce more risk factors of diseases during life course and next generations. Early preventive intervention must start with improved nutrition, reduced stress and no exposure of hazard environment during developmental periods.
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Keywords
Developmental origins of health and disease, Environmental effects, Epigenetic change, Early preventive intervention
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