ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, CẬN LÂM SÀNG, KẾT QUẢ ĐIỀU TRỊ TRẺ MẮC THỦY ĐẬU TẠI TRUNG TÂM BỆNH NHIỆT ĐỚI BỆNH VIỆN NHI TRUNG ƯƠNG CLINICAL, PARACLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS, TREATMENT OUTCOMES OF CHILDREN WITH CHICKENPOX AT THE TROPICAL DISEASE CENTER VIETNAM NATIONAL CHILDREN’S HOSPITAL
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Abstract
Introduction: Chickenpox is a disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), which is common worldwide and highly contagious, often leading to outbreaks. In recent years, the number of chickenpox patients with severe complications has been increasing, particularly among children. Studies on the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of chickenpox in children remain limited.
Subjects and Methods: This study aimed to investigate the clinical and paraclinical characteristics of children with chickenpox at the Tropical Diseases Center, Vietnam National Children’s Hospital. The study was designed as a cross-sectional, descriptive analysis.
Results: From January 2023 to January 2024, a total of 224 patients were hospitalized with a diagnosis of chickenpox at the Tropical Diseases Center, Vietnam National Children’s Hospital. The average age of hospitalization was 4.2 ± 3.6 years, with the majority (58.5%) being under five years old. The male-to-female ratio was 1.3:1. Hospital admissions peaked between March and June, with the lowest number of cases occurring from September to November. Only 10 patients had been vaccinated. The average time from disease onset to hospital admission was 5.0 ± 3.6 days. The most common reasons for hospitalization were fever (37.1%) and vesicular rash (34.8%). Common symptoms included fever (90.2%), mucosal lesions (38.4%), and upper respiratory tract infammation (35.5%). Among the study population, 88 patients had leukocytosis, 157 had thrombocytopenia, and 150 had elevated CRP levels. Complications were observed in 152 patients, with 36 patients experiencing two or more complications. The most common complication was secondary skin infection. Antiviral treatment was administered to 173 patients (77.2%), antibiotics to 205 patients, and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) to 7 patients.
Conclusion: Chickenpox primarily afects children under fve years old, with only 10 patients in the study having been vaccinated. The most common complications were secondary skin infections and pneumonia. Factors associated with complications included hospitalization after four days of illness onset, leukocytosis, and elevated CRP levels at admission.
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Keywords
Chickenpox, children, complications
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