Tạp chí Nhi khoa

ANTIBIOTIC USE FOR STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS PNEUMONIA IN CHILDREN

Thu Nga Pham — Fri, 31 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) is a gram-positive bacterium that causes common pyogenic infections and plays an important role in community- and hospital-acquired infections. S.aureus pneumonia can occur secondary to an infection elsewhere or primarily in the respiratory tract. The widespread and unreasonable use of antibiotics has led to the increasing antibiotic resistance of staphylococcus. Therefore, to eﬀectively treat staphylococcal pneumonia while avoiding the risk of drug-resistant staphylococcus bacteria, it is necessary to have a reasonable antibiotic use strategy.

MICROBIAL PATHOGEN CAUSING RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS IN MODERN TIMES AND DIAGNOSTIC METHODS

Thi Bich Ngoc Hoang, Thi Huyen Vu, Thi Huyen Bui — Fri, 31 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Microbial pathogens causing respiratory infections, such as viruses (SARS-CoV2, Adeno, Inﬂuenza, Respiratory syncytial virus) or bacterial pathogens (Haemophilus inﬂuenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae), all have unique characteristics that determine the pathogenicity.

Using traditional method (microscopy, culture, immunology) and molecular method to identify pathogens.

VAI TRÒ CỦA NỘI SOI CAN THIỆP ĐẶT STENT TRONG ĐIỀU TRỊ HẸP KHÍ PHẾ QUẢN

Khac Dai Vu — Fri, 31 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Tracheobronchial stenosis, a serious problem in adults and children, has multiple causes and has been treated in many ways. tracheal strictures are diagnosed by performing a thorough evaluation involving clinical exam, laboratory workup, pulmonary function test, chest imaging and bronchoscopy. Bronchoscopy plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis of stenosis. Surgery is considered to be the primary treatment for benign airway stenosis. Interventional bronchoscopy including mechanical or laser assisted dilation, electrosurgery, airway stenting have been reported in the literature for management of patients who are not surgical candidates.

TRACHEOBRONCHOMALACIA IN CHILDREN: DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT

Dang Viet Phung — Fri, 31 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Tracheobronchomalacia describes an increased collapsibility of the trachea and bronchi due to excessive posterior membrane intrusion on forced expiration or associated with anterior cartilage compression. Tracheobronchomalacia occurs either in isolation or in association with other congenital or acquired conditions. Clinical presentation includes early-onset stridor or fxed wheeze, recurrent or prolonged infections, brassy cough and even lifethreatening, depending on the site and severity of the lesion.. This article is an overview to update the methods of diagnosis, medical management, and surgical treatment options in pediatric tracheomalacia.

SƠ LƯỢC MỘT SỐ KỸ THUẬT NỘI SOI PHẾ QUẢN CAN THIỆP MỚI Ở TRẺ EM TẠI BỆNH VIỆN NHI TRUNG ƯƠNG

Fri, 31 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Interventional bronchoscopy was used to manage many diseases of the airway such as tracheoesophageal fstula, fbrosis and granuloma from the larynx to bronchus, foreign body, airway stenosis... A lot of new techniques in interventional bronchoscopy have been applied in National children hospital recently: tracheoesophageal fstula and pyriform sinus fstula closure with Trichloacetic acid, laser sugery and balloon dilation in scarring airway stenosis, Mitomycin and T-tube placement in laryngotracheal stenosis, which improved the treatment outcome and the life quality of patient.

SEROTYPE DISTRIBUTION AND FREQUENCY OF ERM(B) AND MEF(A) GENES IN MACROLIDE-RESISTANT STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE STRAINS COLLECTED FROM CHILDREN UNDER 5 YEARS OLD WITH PNEUMONIA IN NGHE AN

Anh Son Bui, Thi Hong Hanh Le, Thi Thuy Hang, Vo Thi Binh Nguyen, Thi Ha Ngo — Fri, 31 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Objective: This study aims to determine the serotypes and frequency of carrying erm(B) and mef(A) genes in macrolide antibiotic-resistant pneumococcal strains collected from children under 5 years old with pneumonia in Nghe An.

Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study on 126 pneumococcal strains from November 2019 to December 2021.

Results: Eight serotypes 6A/B, 9V, 11A, 14, 15A, 19F, 19A, and 23F were identifed in Nghe An, of which serotype 19A accounts for a high proportion. The presence of erm(B) and mef(A) genes was determined by PCR reactions, the frequency of carrying erm(B) and mef(A) genes was 92.1% and 57.9%, respectively. The frequency of carrying at least one of these two genes is 95.3% and the frequency of carrying two genes simultaneously is 54.8%. There are 6 macrolide antibiotic-resistant strains that do not carry any of the erm(B) and mef(A) genes, accounting for 4.8%.

Conclusion: Eight diﬀerent serotypes of pneumococcus were identifed in Nghe An. 19F, 23F and 19A are the most common. Serotype 19A with its high infection rate is a feature that needs attention. The frequency of carrying the erm(B) and mef(A) genes is 92.1 and 57.9%, respectively.

APPLICATION OF PEDIATRIC FLEXIBLE BRONCHOSCOPY IN DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF RESPIRATORY DISEASES IN VIET NAM NATIONAL CHILDREN’S HOSPITAL

Fri, 31 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Objective: Analyze diagnoses and indications before bronchoscopy, evaluate results after ﬂexible bronchoscopy (FB)

Methods: Descriptive study of 1643 cases of FB over a period of 2 years from January 1, 2022 to December 30, 2023 at the Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Central of Viet Nam National Children’s Hospital.

Results: 1643 cases of children from 1 month to 16 years old were performed ﬂexible endoscopy with 1296 cases for diagnostic purposes (78.9%) and 347 cases (21.1%) for interventional bronchoscopy. The main reasons for FB were abnorminal airway (tracheal stenosis, wheezing, prolonged stridor) (30.3%), persistent and recurrent pneumonia (27.4%), and suspected foreign body in airway (11.6%). Results: airway abnormalities (51.9%), including: subglottic stenosis/tracheobronchial stenosis due to scarring (30.4%), malacia laryngeal cartilage (19.5%), malacia bronchial (13.2%). Most common interventional procedures: narrow scar dilation (142 cases), airway foreign body removal (98 cases). Bacteria isolated in bronchoalveolar lavage: Pseudomonas aeruginosa 21.5%, Klebsiella pneumonia 16.9%, Klebsiella aerogenes 15.4%, Streptococcus pneumonia 10.0% of total cultured specimens.

Conclusion: FB is an important tool in the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory diseases, fnding airway anatomical abnormalities, taking specimens for microbiological causes, and providing interventional treatment to resolve obstruction airway.

APPLICATION OF PEDIATRIC FLEXIBLE BRONCHOSCOPY IN DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF RESPIRATORY DISEASES IN VIET NAM NATIONAL CHILDREN’S HOSPITAL

Thi Mai Anh Tran, Thi Hong Hanh Le — Fri, 31 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Objective: Review the treatment outcomes of severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia at the Center for pulmonology and respiratory care, Vietnam National Children’s Hospital in 2023.

Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 135 children diagnosed with severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia at the Center for pulmonology and respiratory care from May 2023 to the end of December 2023.

Results: All children were discharged from the hospital after treatment and did not have to be transferred to the Intensive Care Department. 74,8% of children with respiratory failure needed oxygen, and no child required non-invasive ventilation. 65,9% of children had to use doxycycline or quinolone, and 9,5% of children had to use corticosteroids. The average duration of fever is 9,5±6,8 days, the average hospital stay is 11,1±5,4 days. The group of children under 5 years old accounts for 72,6%, this group has respiratory failure and requires more oxygen and during treatment requires more corticoid or IVIG but is less likely to need to switch to doxycycline or quinolone than the group of children over 5 years old. year old.

Conclusion: Children with severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia have a long hospital stay and require a combination of treatment methods. Therefore, it is necessary to diagnose and determine the severity of the disease based on clinical and paraclinical conditions for good disease management.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF HEALTH EDUCATION INTERVENTION TO ACTUAL KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE ABOUT ASTHMA CONTROL OF PATIENTS AT VINMEC INTERNATIONAL GENERAL HOSPITAL TIMES CITY

Thi Thao Bui, Hai Anh Nguyen, Van Dinh Nguyen — Fri, 31 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Objective: Asthma is a common chronic disease, accounting for 9.8% of the world’s population. Health education to improve patient awareness about bronchial asthma, including how to use inhalers, comply with treatment, avoid allergens ... It plays an important role, helping to improve the eﬀectiveness of asthma treatment.

Methods: This study was conducted on 117 asthma patients at Vinmec Times City International General Hospital in 2023 with the aim of assessing the change in knowledge, attitude, and practice of asthma control after health education intervention.

Results: This study showed that after 2-4 weeks of health education intervention, the average score of knowledge about asthma increased from 10.67 ± 4.16 points to 18 ± 3 points (p < 0.001), The patient’s attitude score in controlling asthma increased from 15.13± 2.97 points to 18.45 ± 1.7 points (p < 0.001), the patient’s awareness score about theability to self-manage asthma also improved signifcantly from 2.96 ± 1.59 to 6.08 ± 0.94 (p< 0.001).

Conclusion: Health education at the hospital helps patients improve their knowledge, atttudes and practices related to bronchial asthma